The Sentry Rust SDK is a tool that helps developers track errors and panics in their applications, providing detailed information about the error, such as OS and device information. The SDK can be easily integrated into Rust projects by adding it to the Cargo.toml file and configuring debug information for release builds. The SDK provides various integrations, including failures, panics, and logging, which can expand its functionality. Advanced usage includes capturing additional context information, temporarily pushing scopes, and handling asynchronous code.