Debugging is a crucial aspect of software development that involves identifying, diagnosing, and fixing errors or bugs within the source code, starting and ending with software testing. The process distinguishes itself from software testing, which focuses on verifying software functionality, by actively seeking out and resolving specific issues. Effective debugging follows several key steps, including replicating the error, analyzing the issue, tracing and isolating the bug, formulating hypotheses, testing solutions, verifying fixes, and documenting the process. Various debugging techniques, such as print statement debugging, interactive debugging with tools like pdb, post-mortem debugging, logging, brute force, domain knowledge, remote, collaborative, and static evaluation, provide developers with diverse approaches to tackle different types of errors. Debugging enhances software quality, user experience, cost efficiency, learning opportunities, and maintainability. In Python, developers have access to numerous built-in and third-party debugging tools, allowing them to maintain high-quality, reliable software systems effectively.