In this coding challenge from PyBites, participants are tasked with performing sentiment analysis on a Twitter topic of their choice, with the example provided being "Fifty Shades Darker." The process begins with registering a Twitter app to access the necessary APIs, setting up a virtual environment, and installing the Twython library. Participants can use a provided script to collect tweets via Twitter Streaming APIs, or alternatively, they can use Tweepy. The primary task involves creating a script, sentiment.py, to analyze the collected tweet data, utilizing tools like TextBlob to determine whether the sentiment is positive or negative. Participants are encouraged to engage with the PyBites challenges repository on GitHub, using version control practices to sync and update their projects throughout the process. The challenge emphasizes learning and improving Python skills, with no single correct solution, and concludes with a review of solutions at the end of the week.