Kubernetes Ingress is an API object that facilitates the management of HTTP[s] access to services within a Kubernetes cluster, while the Amazon Elastic Load Balancing Application Load Balancer (ALB) is a service that distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets like Amazon EC2 instances. The AWS ALB Ingress controller, a subproject of Kubernetes SIG-AWS, automates the creation of an ALB and associated AWS resources when a Kubernetes Ingress resource is declared. The guide provides a step-by-step example of setting up ALB-based Kubernetes Ingress using Pulumi, AWS, and AWSX packages, including initializing a Pulumi project, creating an Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) cluster, deploying the AWS ALB Ingress Controller, and deploying a sample application. It highlights the use of Pulumi to manage infrastructure through code and demonstrates deploying an application with traffic routing managed by the ALB, emphasizing the integration of AWS services with Kubernetes to enhance application traffic management.