Secure data sharing systems are designed to facilitate the controlled exchange of information between systems while ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and access control. These systems incorporate encryption, identity verification, granular permissions, audit logging, and compliance with standards like HIPAA and GDPR. Implementing secure data sharing involves using open standards for interoperability, minimizing data exposure, and enforcing policies separate from application logic. Key components include data providers and consumers, secure data gateways, policy decision points, metadata catalogs, and audit planes. Different data sharing modalities, such as push-based pipelines and pull-based APIs, come with various trade-offs in latency and complexity. Secure multi-party data exchange demands end-to-end encryption and key management strategies, often employing public key infrastructure and confidential computing to maintain data integrity. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) and Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) provide dynamic, context-aware authorization capabilities, while federated data processing allows for collaborative analytics without exposing raw data. Privacy-preserving techniques such as tokenization, anonymization, and differential privacy are crucial for reducing risk. Key management systems facilitate secure key lifecycle management, and secure API gateways and data brokers are vital for real-time, secure data exchange. Real-time threat detection is necessary to protect against evolving threats, with compliance frameworks like GDPR and HIPAA requiring policy-driven data sharing controls to ensure data protection and auditability.