Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a method for managing access in applications by assigning roles to users, which simplifies authorization by abstracting access permissions from individual users to broader categories. The article explores implementing RBAC in a Golang application through two methods: a basic DIY in-memory approach and a more sophisticated solution using the Permit.io Golang SDK. It demonstrates how roles such as "reader" and "writer" can be used to control access to endpoints in a key-value service, allowing for specific users to perform actions based on their assigned roles. The DIY method provides a hands-on understanding of RBAC's workings, while Permit.io offers a ready-to-use, scalable solution suitable for complex applications. The text emphasizes the importance of focusing on core product offerings and outsourcing non-essential components like authorization systems to streamline development and operation processes.