Errors in distributed systems often manifest through failed operations or user dissatisfaction, and identifying their root causes is crucial but challenging due to the interdependent nature of services and constant deployments. The financial impact of downtime is significant, with costs rising to thousands of dollars per minute, emphasizing the need for efficient error analysis and resolution. Traditional monitoring, focused on logs and metrics, is reactive and can lead to alert fatigue, data overload, and fragmented views, which hinder incident response. Observability, by integrating traces, structured logs, metrics, events, and context, allows for a more proactive approach, enabling teams to trace the root causes of errors systematically and reduce mean time to recovery (MTTR). The blog outlines a step-by-step framework for root cause analysis (RCA), which is enhanced with observability platforms like New Relic, demonstrating improved incident response through integrated alerts, traces, logs, and change events. By following a structured approach supported by observability tools, teams can minimize outages, improve customer trust, and increase system reliability.