The author of the text introduces a grid system as the building blocks of their design, using multiples of 8 to define dimensions, padding, and margin of both block and inline elements. They also use the Golden Ratio (1.618) model for proportions and standard sizes for all elements when possible. This approach simplifies design work, making it easier to communicate and translate static mockups to code. The author shares their process of translating this grid to Sketch and using Nudge.it to change the value of the big nudge, allowing them to easily adjust the dimensions. By trusting the system and following the logic and structure, designers can create a consistent look and feel in their app.