Transfer learning is a method that allows the use of pre-trained model weights to reduce the time and resources needed for training new neural networks, particularly when working with large datasets or when data availability is limited. This technique is applicable to both image classification and natural language processing tasks by leveraging feature representations from pre-trained models, such as those trained on ImageNet, to initialize weights in new models, which can then be refined through a process known as fine-tuning. Fine-tuning involves selectively retraining portions of the model at a low learning rate to enhance performance on specific tasks without overfitting. Frameworks like Keras and resources such as TensorFlow Hub provide access to a wide array of pre-trained models, enabling rapid development and deployment of machine learning applications. Transfer learning is especially beneficial when computational resources are limited, as it allows for efficient use of pre-trained models to achieve high accuracy without the need to train models from scratch.