Image processing is a fundamental aspect of computer vision, crucial for applications such as robotics and self-driving cars, and involves transforming and analyzing images to extract valuable insights. Python, with its extensive libraries like OpenCV, Scikit-image, PIL, and Mahotas, plays a significant role in efficiently performing image processing tasks, including morphological filtering, Gaussian smoothing, and Fourier and Wavelet transforms. Classical algorithms focus on noise reduction and feature extraction, while neural networks, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), are employed for more sophisticated tasks such as image classification and generation. The field is continuously evolving with advancements in deep learning, offering improved techniques and tools for image analysis and manipulation.