Anomaly detection in time series data is a crucial aspect of data analysis across various industries, as time series data is prevalent in scenarios ranging from stock prices to user behavior on websites. Anomalies, or outliers, are observations that deviate significantly from expected patterns and can be indicative of errors or interesting phenomena, such as fraud. Identifying these anomalies involves techniques like statistical decomposition, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Isolation Forests, forecasting methods like ARIMA, clustering, and autoencoders. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses, with some better suited for high-dimensional data or non-linear transformations. Once anomalies are detected, researchers must decide how to handle them, which could involve understanding the business context, adjusting outliers with statistical methods, or in some cases, removing them altogether. The choice of technique and subsequent action depends heavily on the specific use case and the nature of the data.