App crashes are a significant concern for both developers and users, with 62% of users reportedly uninstalling apps that crash. To mitigate these issues, understanding the most common Android crashes and their solutions is crucial. The java.lang.NullPointerException often arises when data referenced after going out of scope or being garbage collected is lost, particularly when an app is sent to the background. The java.lang.IllegalStateException typically occurs due to mismanagement of Activity states, often when a new Fragment is created and detached before a background thread finishes. java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException is usually caused by attempting to access an index out of bounds in arrays or strings, while java.lang.IllegalArgumentException can result from using illegal arguments, such as accessing UI elements from a background thread. Lastly, the java.lang.OutOfMemoryError is often due to memory leaks, commonly from bitmaps, as Android devices vary in memory capacity. Proper memory management, recycling objects, and cautious heap allocation can help alleviate this issue.