Kubernetes has established itself as the industry standard for container orchestration, providing efficient management of large-scale containerized applications through declarative configurations, easy deployment, scaling, and self-healing capabilities. Logging is crucial for gaining observability into Kubernetes clusters and addressing its unique challenges due to its distributed and dynamic nature. The text explores the architecture and tools available for Kubernetes logging, emphasizing best practices like writing logs to standard output streams and using sidecar containers for applications that do not log to stdout or stderr. It discusses various logging tools such as Fluentd, the ELK Stack, OpenSearch, and Google Stackdriver, which aid in log aggregation and management. Additionally, it highlights the importance of structured logging introduced in Kubernetes v1.19 and the new Node log query feature in Kubernetes 1.27. The text underscores the significance of an effective logging solution for maintaining healthy workloads and infrastructure, and ensuring the reliability of products in production environments.