Web security is a complex but essential field, with foundational practices that can significantly enhance safety for both users and developers. Key strategies include using HTTPS to encrypt data, wisely configuring HTTP headers to prevent attacks like clickjacking, and avoiding information leaks through HTTP status codes. Authentication processes are crucial, emphasizing the secure storage of passwords using hashing functions like bcrypt, and implementing mechanisms for secure password resets. Mitigating brute force attacks through delayed responses and rate-limiting, as well as adopting passwordless authentication methods, can further bolster security. At the application layer, defenses against cross-site request forgery (CSRF), SQL injection, and cross-site scripting (XSS) are vital, often involving token usage, input parameter escaping, and output sanitization. Additionally, maintaining vigilance with external links and regularly analyzing websites with tools like webhint or OWASP ZAP can help identify potential vulnerabilities, ensuring a robust security posture.