The Tuckman model: 5 stages of team development

The Tuckman model, developed in 1965, outlines five stages of team development—Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning—that are critical for understanding team dynamics and optimizing performance. In the Forming stage, team members get to know each other and establish roles, while the Storming stage is marked by conflicts that need resolution for the team to progress. The Norming stage sees the team setting effective processes and routines, leading to the Performing stage where members work efficiently and handle challenges independently. The often-overlooked Adjourning stage involves wrapping up projects and ensuring a smooth transition, acknowledging that teams have finite lifespans. Effective leadership throughout these stages is crucial for minimizing conflicts, maximizing productivity, and facilitating transitions, with the Tuckman model serving as a timeless framework for guiding teams to success.