Python file handling: A complete guide

Python is a versatile programming language widely used for developing web services, desktop applications, automation scripts, and machine learning projects. It provides robust file handling capabilities, enabling programmers to perform tasks such as reading, writing, and modifying text and binary files, creating directories, and processing file attributes. Python's standard library includes functions and modules like `os`, `shutil`, and `glob` that support cross-platform file operations and directory management. Best practices in Python file handling emphasize the importance of using context managers with the `with` statement for resource management, exception handling to address potential errors, and efficient file processing techniques to optimize performance. The language's flexibility also allows for the integration of specialized libraries like `csv` for handling CSV files and `PyPDF2` for PDF processing, demonstrating Python's capacity to cater to diverse file manipulation needs.