The article provides an in-depth explanation of how web browsers render websites by converting HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into interactive web pages. It begins with the browser reading raw bytes of these languages from a disk or network and converting them into characters. These characters are then parsed into tokens and nodes, ultimately forming the Document Object Model (DOM) and CSS Object Model (CSSOM), which are essential for understanding HTML structure and styling, respectively. The browser combines these models into a render tree, deciding what is displayed on the screen. The process involves calculating the layout and painting elements on the screen, but it can be hindered by render-blocking resources like JavaScript, which can pause DOM construction if encountered during parsing. The article emphasizes optimizing the critical rendering path for better performance and introduces tools like LogRocket for monitoring and debugging rendering issues.