JavaScript's ES6 introduced keyed collections, namely Map, Set, WeakMap, and WeakSet, to address limitations found in arrays and objects. These collections provide more efficient and flexible ways to store and manage data. Sets, for instance, only hold unique values, making them useful for operations like filtering duplicates, while Maps allow any data type as a key, unlike objects that restrict keys to strings or symbols. This flexibility makes Maps ideal for situations where key-value pairs are needed without the constraints of using objects. Keyed collections also offer straightforward methods for adding, deleting, and accessing elements, and they generally perform better in terms of iteration and data manipulation compared to traditional arrays and objects. The article also highlights that while the performance differences in small datasets might be minor, keyed collections offer significant advantages in scalability and efficiency for larger datasets, making them a valuable tool in modern JavaScript development.