Babel and the TypeScript compiler serve distinct but complementary roles in modern JavaScript development, with Babel functioning as a widely-used JavaScript compiler that enables developers to leverage the latest ECMAScript features while ensuring compatibility with older environments. Babel's updates, such as support for private fields in classes and Regexp modifiers, enhance its functionality, especially in integrating with TypeScript. While Babel focuses on transpiling modern JavaScript and TypeScript into widely supported versions, the TypeScript compiler, tsc, specializes in transforming TypeScript code into JavaScript, with a focus on static type checking and compilation. The article discusses the key differences between the two, such as Babel's lack of type-checking and TypeScript's edge in handling decorators, while also highlighting how Babel's extensibility with custom plugins allows for unique transformations that TypeScript cannot natively provide. Ultimately, the choice between Babel and TypeScript depends on project needs, with Babel offering broader compatibility and TypeScript providing robust type-checking, often making them complementary tools in complex build processes.