Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is an open-source container orchestration platform that has transformed software development and deployment by automating the deployment, management, and scaling of containerized applications. It offers a more efficient and reliable way to host applications compared to traditional virtual machines, enabling users to manage numerous containers across a distributed system effectively. Kubernetes operates by forming a cluster of networked nodes, each running containers in pods managed by a control plane, which handles tasks such as deployment, scaling, and self-healing of applications. Key components like the API server, etcd, and kube-proxy ensure efficient management and communication within the cluster. Its use cases span large-scale data processing, microservices, CI/CD optimization, edge computing, and AI workloads, while offering advantages like scalability, high availability, and resource efficiency. Despite its benefits, Kubernetes presents challenges such as complexity, resource overhead, and security considerations, though managed services and tools like Helm can ease its adoption. As Kubernetes continues to evolve with trends like serverless computing and service mesh integration, it remains a cornerstone of modern cloud-native architectures, adaptable for both on-premise and cloud environments.