GraphQL is an open-source API query language and runtime engine that offers a more flexible and efficient alternative to traditional REST APIs by allowing developers to specify exactly the data they want from an API, reducing the need for multiple API calls and minimizing network bandwidth usage. Created by Meta in 2012 to enhance the Facebook mobile app, GraphQL is now widely adopted by companies like GitHub, PayPal, and Netflix due to its ability to streamline data fetching and integration from various sources. Unlike REST, which requires coordination between services and clients, GraphQL enables developers to communicate directly with APIs using a single endpoint, making it particularly beneficial for mobile applications and scenarios requiring real-time data updates. It supports operations like queries, mutations, and subscriptions, providing real-time data capabilities and enabling efficient data management without over-fetching. Despite its advantages, GraphQL does present a steeper learning curve and requires more backend work compared to REST. Its strongly typed schemas and vibrant ecosystem of development tools, like Apollo and GraphiQL, further enhance its appeal by ensuring predictable query behaviors and ease of integration.