Virtual machines (VMs) are virtualized computing environments that operate on a physical host using a hypervisor, which abstracts the host's resources for the VM's use. Enterprises have embraced VMs for their ability to run isolated workloads, optimize resource usage, and offer portability, making them fundamental to cloud computing. Virtualization can occur through type-1 hypervisors, which run directly on hardware, or type-2 hypervisors, which run atop an existing operating system. VMs are crucial in cloud environments, offering infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) capabilities, while advancements in cloud VM technologies, such as bare metal instances and GPU-enabled instances, continue to expand their applications. Despite the rise of containers, which abstract only applications and their dependencies, VMs remain essential, often coexisting with containers to provide comprehensive IT solutions. Tools like Kuma, a service mesh, enhance the integration of VMs with microservices by managing service-to-service communication, ensuring security and performance in hybrid and multi-cloud setups. As technology evolves, VMs are adapting to roles in edge computing, AI, and confidential computing, maintaining their relevance in modern IT infrastructure.