Global Rate Limiting in Kong Mesh introduces an efficient mechanism for managing request flow across microservices, enhancing security and performance by protecting against DoS attacks and managing API usage. This feature allows for the application of rate limits across multiple service instances, offering granular control through header-based strategies and the ability to extend limitations to external services. It simplifies traffic management by coordinating request counting and offers a seamless configuration process, particularly for Kubernetes deployments, with a requirement for a Redis deployment. By combining both local and global rate limits, Kong Mesh optimizes resource utilization and response times, ensuring robust traffic management and security in service mesh architectures.