Microservices, with their distributed service-oriented architecture, present unique challenges such as ensuring reliability, security, and traceability, which can be addressed through specific design patterns and tools like Kong Gateway and Kuma. Circuit breakers and health checks are crucial for maintaining service reliability by managing traffic and removing unhealthy instances, while service discovery within a service mesh simplifies communication across diverse networks. Monitoring microservices involves distributed tracing and centralized logging to track requests across multiple services, with tools like Zipkin and Datadog aiding in capturing and analyzing these traces. Security in microservices encompasses TLS for external communication and internal measures like micro-segmentation and mutual TLS (mTLS) to manage access and encrypt internal traffic. Kong Gateway serves as a centralized API gateway handling policies such as load balancing and rate limiting, while Kuma acts as a service-to-service mesh that facilitates secure internal communication and service discovery. These strategies collectively enhance the reliability, monitoring, and security of microservices.