Managing Docker images effectively can be achieved through the use of a Docker registry, which provides secure, consistent access and enables team collaboration by centralizing image storage. JFrog Artifactory offers three types of repositories to handle Docker images: local repositories for internal images, remote repositories for proxying external resources like Docker Hub, and virtual repositories that create a unified endpoint for both push and pull operations. The process of setting up these repositories on JFrog's platform involves creating and configuring local, remote, and virtual repositories, and customizing a Dockerfile to utilize these new repositories. Users can start with a free trial of the JFrog Platform and follow specific steps to set up their Docker registry, including logging into their environment, configuring repositories, and pushing custom images. Once configured, users can efficiently manage and view their Docker images within the Artifactory interface.