Logging in Ruby is a critical tool for monitoring application performance, behavior, and health, going beyond mere error tracking. This guide explores the importance of effective logging, emphasizing its role in diagnosing issues and optimizing performance. It discusses Ruby's built-in Logger class, which offers basic logging capabilities, and delves into advanced libraries like Lograge, Logging gem, Log4r, and Semantic Logger, each offering different features such as cleaner log formatting, multiple output management, and structured JSON logs. These libraries provide developers with the flexibility to customize and enhance their logging strategies, enabling better insights and data-driven decision-making. Highlight.io supports these libraries, offering solutions to ingest logs efficiently, thus encouraging developers to integrate these practices into their Ruby projects for improved observability and performance analysis.