Maintaining uptime and data consistency during database schema changes is crucial, as illustrated by the example of updating a database to support new requirements without downtime or data loss. This involves using triggers, incremental data migration, and rollback mechanisms to ensure that both old and new versions of an application can function seamlessly. The scenario described focuses on an inventory application tracking multiple warehouses, necessitating database updates to differentiate between city and state locations. By employing tools like Harness Database DevOps and techniques such as small, incremental data batches, the changes can be integrated into CI/CD pipelines for efficient deployment, allowing for minimal disruptions and ensuring data integrity. The blog emphasizes the importance of careful planning and the use of rollback logic to revert to a stable state if issues arise, showcasing how database changes can be orchestrated alongside application updates in a CI/CD process.