JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are used to securely share claims or attributes between clients and servers in microservices. This guide illustrates how to implement JWTs in a Golang microservices environment using the open-source jwt-go package. The process involves generating a JWT token with a signing key, using an endpoint to serve the token, and creating a microservice server with middleware for authorization. The middleware validates the JWT to ensure authorized access to microservices, demonstrating the use of JWTs for secure service-to-service communication. The tutorial also covers setting up an API gateway to validate JWTs and protect internal services, with code examples provided to create a protected microservice endpoint. The code is available on GitHub, and further exploration includes using tools like FusionAuth for JWT generation, securing applications with OAuth, and using more advanced signing algorithms.