Fingerprinting is a technique used to identify website users without relying on cookies or data storage by utilizing device properties such as language and installed fonts to create unique identifiers. This method remains effective even when browsers are in incognito mode or JavaScript is disabled, challenging the common misconception that disabling JavaScript prevents fingerprinting. The text discusses a demonstration that shows how fingerprinting can occur through HTTP requests that reveal device signals, which are stored and linked using unique tokens. These signals, derived from HTTP headers, CSS, and other non-JavaScript sources, allow for reliable identification and tracking over time, even when traditional methods like incognito mode or user-agent spoofing fail. Despite attempts to enhance privacy, the pervasive nature of fingerprinting poses challenges to online anonymity, with special browsers like Tor offering more robust privacy protection.