This article delves into optimizing SQL queries in Go applications using GORM and the Postgres DBMS, outlining key techniques such as indexing, query simplification, caching, and connection pooling. It highlights the importance of optimizing SQL queries for enhanced application performance and scalability, as inefficient queries can adversely impact business outcomes. The tutorial provides practical examples of creating indexes in PostgreSQL to improve query speed, simplifying complex queries for better readability and efficiency, and employing caching strategies to reduce database load. It also explains how connection pooling can improve performance by managing database connections more effectively, thus reducing the overhead associated with creating new connections. Additionally, the article emphasizes best practices for each technique, such as choosing the right columns for indexing and using appropriate cache expiration policies, to ensure that SQL queries are optimized for both performance and maintainability.