Python error handling is a crucial aspect of programming that involves detecting and resolving errors during program execution, with Python offering built-in features and libraries to facilitate this process. The distinction between syntax errors, which occur during the compilation phase, and runtime errors, known as exceptions, is fundamental to understanding error handling in Python. The use of the try-except block is central to managing exceptions, allowing developers to execute code that may raise exceptions without crashing the program. Additionally, Python allows for the raising of specific exceptions and the creation of custom exceptions for more detailed error reporting. The finally block is employed to ensure that certain cleanup code runs regardless of whether an error occurred, while assert statements are used as debugging tools to verify conditions that should always be true. Best practices in error handling include handling exceptions at the appropriate abstraction level, writing clear error messages, maintaining consistent error handling, testing error handling code, and using logging to track errors. By adhering to these practices, developers can write robust, reliable, and maintainable Python code.