The article delves into the benefits and challenges of setting up a monorepo in Python and explores how to manage it using two popular build tools: Pants and Earthly. Monorepos consolidate the entire codebase of an organization into a single repository, promoting cross-team collaboration, reducing duplication, and ensuring unified build pipelines. The article provides a practical example by detailing the structure and components of a health and fitness application monorepo, which includes multiple services and shared packages. It explains how Pants can be used for initializing projects, setting up BUILD files, running tests, and fixing linting issues, demonstrating its support for Python and other languages. In contrast, Earthly's Docker-like syntax offers a containerized approach, supporting multiple languages and facilitating the creation of distinct builds for each service within an application. The article concludes by highlighting the advantages of Earthly's approach for projects involving containerized microservices, emphasizing its flexibility and caching functionalities.