Linux capabilities provide a way to assign specific privileges to processes, offering granular control over what a process can do on a system. This concept is particularly important in the context of Docker containers and Kubernetes, where capabilities can be added or dropped to control access to system resources, thus minimizing security risks. Tools such as libcap2-bin and libcap-ng-utils facilitate managing these capabilities, allowing users to set or inspect the privileges of executables and processes. In container orchestration, like Kubernetes, capabilities are managed through SecurityContext in pod manifests, which can limit container privileges to the necessary minimum, thus reducing the attack surface. Running containers with zero or specific privileges can be achieved using Docker flags, thereby enhancing security by preventing unauthorized access to system resources. Understanding and managing these capabilities are essential for maintaining secure and efficient containerized environments.