Self-hosted runners allow users to execute GitHub Actions workflows on their own infrastructure, such as servers, virtual machines, or containers, offering specific benefits like enhanced control, compliance with security requirements, and cost savings on compute resources. Setting up self-hosted runners involves configuring and registering them in your environment and adjusting workflow files to utilize them instead of GitHub-hosted runners. While self-hosted runners provide the advantage of customization, deployment flexibility, and access to local resources, they require more management effort and pose security risks if not properly secured. Conversely, GitHub-hosted runners are simpler to set up, automatically updated, and ideal for standard workflows without specialized needs. Organizations often benefit from using a combination of both types, leveraging the ease of GitHub-hosted runners for basic tasks while employing self-hosted runners for specialized workflows, thus optimizing performance, ensuring compliance, and managing costs effectively.