Authorization servers play a crucial role in web development and security by managing user permissions and ensuring only authorized access to sensitive data. After a user's identity is authenticated, these servers verify permissions through key components: authentication, authorization, and token management. The process involves granting authorization, handling token requests, and accessing protected resources, typically using protocols like OAuth 2.0, which features several grant types for acquiring access tokens. OpenID Connect, built on OAuth, adds an identity layer for Single Sign-On (SSO) implementations, allowing streamlined user authentication across multiple applications. Centralized authorization servers enhance security, improve user experience by reducing password management, and increase privacy by minimizing direct handling of user credentials. Understanding these systems equips developers to build secure applications, with options like Descope offering no-code solutions for implementing these processes.