AuthQuake, a critical vulnerability in Microsoft's multi-factor authentication (MFA) system, highlighted significant flaws in their implementation of time-based one-time passwords (TOTP) that allowed attackers to bypass the second authentication factor in under 70 minutes without alerting users, potentially affecting over 400 million accounts. The exploit stemmed from extended TOTP validity windows and unlimited parallel authentication attempts, resulting in a 50% success rate for unauthorized logins. Although Microsoft has patched the vulnerability with stronger rate limiting, AuthQuake serves as a reminder of the vulnerabilities in traditional TOTP-based MFA systems and underscores the need for modern solutions like passkeys, which utilize public-private key cryptography to eliminate such risks. This incident exemplifies how even well-established security protocols can be compromised through operational oversights, emphasizing the importance of continually updating authentication methods to protect against evolving threats.