Datadog's Reference Tables enable users to enrich logs with business-critical data, providing more contextual information for resolving application performance issues. To create a new table, users can upload a CSV file and select the primary key column, which is then used by a Lookup Processor to add additional data as attributes to incoming logs. This allows users to conduct security investigations on historical logs, organize logs by logical units, map error codes to descriptive error messages, and more. Reference Tables can be linked to cloud buckets for automatic updates, ensuring that the latest data is always available.