In the second part of a three-part series, the interaction of TLS components is explored, focusing on the certificate signing and validation processes. When a certificate is needed, a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is generated by the entity, such as a Couchbase Server Node, using a key pair, and sent to a Certificate Authority (CA) for validation. The CA authenticates the entity's identity and issues a signed certificate, binding the entity's public key to its identity. Certificate validation by a relying party, like a web browser, involves checking the certificate's authenticity through a certification path that links back to a trusted root certificate, known as a trust anchor. This process includes signature verification using public keys and ensuring the certificate's validity and trustworthiness by checking expiration dates and trust anchors. The guide notes that in Couchbase Server 7.2.x, the certification chain can be 10 certificates deep, and additional steps may be needed if a CA is not pre-installed in a browser's trusted entities. The series continues with a focus on TLS application within Couchbase Server in the final part.