Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and Apache Mesos are contemporary solutions for container and data center orchestration, each with distinct features tailored to different use cases. Kubernetes, introduced in June 2015, is an open-source platform backed by companies like Google and RedHat, offering robust container orchestration with unique concepts like Pods and extensive configurability via YAML or JSON files. It supports various container runtimes and includes an optional DNS cluster add-on for service discovery. Docker Swarm, part of the Docker Engine since July 2016, is known for its simplicity, using Docker Compose files for service definition and ease of setup, making it ideal for scaling existing Docker services. Apache Mesos, designed for comprehensive data center management, excels in running complex applications, including Kubernetes, by abstracting physical and virtual resources. While Mesos itself lacks native service discovery, it effectively manages applications that provide such features. The choice among these orchestrators largely depends on specific needs, with Kubernetes offering extensive features, Docker Swarm prioritizing simplicity, and Mesos catering to environments requiring intricate application setups.