The Salesforce Process Builder can be used to implement sparklines without relying on an external data source, allowing users to display a chart of changes over time for a specific field value. The ISCHANGED() and PRIORDATA() functions are utilized in this process to store the previous score values in another text field and then display a sparkline using Quickchart's IMAGE() function. This setup has limitations, as it only works with future data and does not support historical data.