The text discusses two types of data replication: Incremental Replication and Upsert Replication, which are often used together due to their similar mechanisms. Incremental Replication is a lightweight approach that focuses on transferring only newly added or updated data from the source table to the analytical storage. It's useful in scenarios where there are no deletes but only new entries in the source tables, or when all records need to be archived even after deletion from the source. On the other hand, Upsert Replication is used to update and insert certain information at the same time, making it suitable for situations like updating product prices based on specific conditions. Both replication methods require a reliable timestamp value to determine which rows are new or updated, and they have their own set of challenges and use cases.