Introduction to UART hardware hacking

UARTs are a common interface in embedded hardware and can be used to access an interactive root shell on devices running Linux. UART connectors typically have four pins: VCC, GND, RX, and TX, which can be identified by looking for the 4-pin connector on the circuit board or using a logic analyzer to distinguish between each line. UARTs often use test points, which are soldered pads that can be used to test the interface without a matching test bed. To enumerate a UART, one needs to find the ground pin and set up a logic analyzer, then measure the digital signal and identify the baud rate. Once connected to the UART using a TTL serial adapter, one can access the console output on their PC and interact with the device. The author is a professional security researcher who has been working in the field for over 20 years and has published multiple CVEs.

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