Real-time bidding (RTB) is an automated process in programmatic advertising that optimizes ad spend and enhances audience targeting. It allows advertisers to bid for ad inventory in real time, resulting in transactions happening in milliseconds as a webpage loads. RTB streamlines the digital advertising process, offering several advantages such as efficient ad spend, increased ad revenue, access to large ad inventory, improved targeting, and real-time results. However, it raises concerns about data collection and dissemination without user consent, ad fraud, and balancing effective personalized advertising with privacy. Major RTB platforms include AppNexus, Google Ad Manager, Rubicon Project, and The Trade Desk, which support various targeting options and analytics. Aerospike's AdTech solutions offer companies the means to overcome challenges such as signal loss, data security, and performance bottlenecks, enabling acceleration of bid responses, real-time user profiling, and mitigation of signal loss with graph models.