High throughput refers to a system's ability to process a large volume of operations or data in a given timeframe, which is crucial for performance in scenarios like e-commerce and real-time analytics. While throughput measures the number of operations a system can handle per time unit, it is often contrasted with latency, which is the time taken to complete a single operation. Achieving high throughput typically involves optimizing hardware, network capacity, concurrency, and software efficiency, often requiring trade-offs between throughput and latency. High throughput is vital for applications in industries such as finance, e-commerce, and telecommunications, where systems must handle massive data volumes swiftly and efficiently. For instance, distributed systems, often using technologies like Aerospike, can process transactions at high speeds by employing strategies like scaling out, parallel processing, and reducing I/O bottlenecks. These systems are engineered to maintain high throughput even as data grows, supporting various sectors by enabling real-time data handling and ensuring scalability and efficiency under heavy loads.